Graphite, molecular mis: C, molecular hnyav: 12.01, yog ib daim ntawv ntawm cov pa roj carbon, txhua cov pa roj carbon atom txuas nrog peb lwm cov pa roj carbon atoms (tseem nyob rau hauv honeycomb hexagons) los tsim cov molecule covalent.Vim tias txhua cov pa roj carbon atom emits ib qho hluav taws xob, cov uas tuaj yeem txav tau yooj yim, yog li graphite yog tus neeg xyuas pib.
Graphite yog ib qho ntawm cov ntxhia mos tshaj plaws, thiab nws cov kev siv suav nrog ua cov xaum xaum thiab cov roj nplua nyeem.Cov pa roj carbon monoxide yog cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau nyob rau hauv lub voj voog thib ob ntawm IVA pawg ntawm lub sijhawm.Graphite yog tsim nyob rau hauv high kub.
Graphite yog crystalline ntxhia ntawm carbon ntsiab lus, thiab nws cov crystalline lattice yog ib tug hexagonal txheej txheej.Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm txhua txheej txheej yog 3.35A, thiab qhov sib nrug ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms hauv tib txheej txheej yog 1.42A.Nws yog lub hexagonal siv lead ua system nrog cov txheej txheem ua tiav.Lub cleavage nto yog feem ntau molecular bonds, tsis tshua txaus nyiam rau molecules, yog li nws lub ntuj ntab yog zoo heev.
Nyob rau hauv graphite crystals, cov pa roj carbon atoms nyob rau hauv tib txheej tsim ib tug covalent daim ntawv cog lus nrog sp2 hybridization, thiab txhua carbon atom txuas nrog peb lwm atoms nyob rau hauv peb covalent bonds.Rau cov pa roj carbon atoms tsim ib lub nplhaib rau-nruam nyob rau hauv tib lub dav hlau, txuas mus rau hauv cov qauv lamella, qhov twg daim ntawv cog lus ntev ntawm CC daim ntawv cog lus yog 142 teev, uas yog raws nraim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus ntev ntawm cov atomic siv lead ua, yog li rau tib txheej. , nws yog atomic crystal.Cov pa roj carbon atoms hauv tib lub dav hlau muaj ib lub p orbit, uas sib tshooj ib leeg.Cov hluav taws xob tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob, sib npaug rau cov hluav taws xob dawb hauv cov hlau, yog li graphite tuaj yeem ua kom sov thiab hluav taws xob, uas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau muaju.Yog li kuj tau cais raws li cov hlau lead.
Nruab nrab txheej ntawm graphite siv lead ua yog sib cais los ntawm 335 teev tsaus ntuj, thiab qhov kev ncua deb yog loj.Nws yog ua ke nrog van der Waals quab yuam, uas yog, txheej belongs rau molecular crystal.Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias kev khi ntawm carbon atoms hauv tib lub dav hlau txheej yog qhov muaj zog heev thiab nyuaj heev los rhuav tshem, qhov tawg ntawm graphite kuj siab heev thiab nws cov khoom siv tshuaj muaj zog.
Nyob rau hauv kev pom ntawm nws cov kev sib txuas tshwj xeeb hom, tsis tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog ib qho siv lead ua lossis polycrystal, graphite tam sim no feem ntau suav tias yog siv lead ua sib xyaw.
Post lub sij hawm: Lub Xya hli ntuj-31-2023